Communication | Business communications » Negotiation as a Cost Reducing Technique in Material Procurement in Nigeria Breweries Enugu Plant

Source: http://www.doksinet NEGOTIATION AS A COST REDUCING TECHNIQUE IN MATERIAL PROCUREMENT IN NIGERIA BREWERIES ENUGU PLANT This Project material is gotten from http://researchcub.info/project-6729html ABSTRACT Negotiation as a reduction technique in material procurement is to ensure that high cost incurred in material procurement is manage hence the negotiation is one of the tool in spend cost management to optimise profit in every organization. Lack of knowledge to some guide when negotiating by procurement manages lead to high cost of finished product and it makes the product not to compete well with its competitors in the market. The impact expected at the end of negotiation is to minimize cost and maximise profit of the organisation. In both private and public sectors between 50% to 80% of the total expenditure is spend on acquiring either materials or services. The high percentage of charges by company’s agent could lead to additional cost of production over invoicing

and overpayment. What else can be done, and what other mean can be used to acquire raw materials without incurring high cost. To reduce high cost, negotiation is one of the technique of spend cost management to arrive at a mutually acceptable bargain by planning. Objectives and strategy in order to arrive at an agreed pace term and condition of service between a procures and supplier. To ensure prudence and judicious utilization of the limited resources available in an organization. To expose ideas to procurement manager on how to achieve the objectives and enhance the profitability of organization as materials procured when adequately negotiated reduce cost incurred in acquisition of material for production process. To expose purchasing manager to possible tools of spend and cost management. The major research question of what re the techniques for negotiation the strategies for effective negotiation, the rate of material availability, how coordination and management of suppliers to

ensure cost reduction and constant flow of materials to avoid interruption at the point of production. The research Design would be descriptive and analytical in nature. Interview would be conducted on selected staffs of Production, Stock Control section, Human Resources and Procurement Department. The Instrument for data collection are Questionnaire, Record, Interview, Observation. This work also comprise of summary of findings, conclusions and recommendation. Source: http://www.doksinet TABLE OF CONTENTS Title i Approval ii Declaration iii Dedication iv Acknowledgement v Abstract vi Table of contents vii List of table’s viii CHAPTER ONE: Introduction 1.1 Background of the Study 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem 1 1.3 Objectives of the Study 2 1.4 Significance of the Study 1.5 Scope of the Study 4 1.6 Research Questions 5 1.7 Definition of Terms 6 3 Source: http://www.doksinet CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review 2.1 Negotiation 8 2.2

Preparation for Negotiation 10 2.3 Negotiation Techniques 11 2.4 Objectives of Negotiation 13 2.5 When to Negotiate 2.6 Importance of Negotiation in Relation to Procurement 16 2.7 Cost Reduction 2.8 Negotiation Process. 19 2.9 Qualities of a Good Negotiation. 22 2.90 Material Procurement 15 18 23 CHAPTER THREE: Research Methodology 3.1 Area of Study 24 3.2 Research Design 25 3.3 Population of the Study 27 3.4 Sample, and Sampling Technique 27 3.5 Instruments for Data Collection 3.6 Administration of the Instrument 28 28 Source: http://www.doksinet 3.7 Techniques for Analysing Data 28 CHAPTER FOUR : Presentation and Analysis of Data 4.1 Presentations of Results 30 CHAPTER FIVE: Summary, Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendations 5.1 Summary of Procedure 39 5.2 Discussion of Findings 40 5.3 Implication of the Findings 43 5.4 Conclusion 43 5.5 Recommendations 44 5.6 Suggestions for further Studies 5.7 Delimitation of the

study Bibliography Appendix 45 46 Source: http://www.doksinet CHAPTER I: Introduction Every human being needs water to survive, so also every organization needs materials to survive. In the private and public sector, their total expenditure is mainly spent on acquiring either materials or facilities or services. There is no way business operations can be effectively carried out without them. Negotiation is vital to organizations so as to reduce cost or minimize cost and to maximize profit. 1.1 Background of the study Negotiation as a cost deduction technique in material procurement is for efficiency of any business, and also contingent upon obtaining the right materials and have it available in the right quantity from the right source, at the right price, delivered at the right place at the right time, whereby failure to any of these adds to costs and decreases the profit level of any organization. There has been procurement fraud because of the idea of speed money in the mind

of some of the procurement managers or officials who buy materials or items for the organization. Lack of transparency has lead to excess spending, increasing cost of production, losing a lot of money through the inflating of prices, over invoicing and overpayment of materials procured. High cost incurred in material procurement is as a result of procurement manager not doing his home work well that is by planning his objectives and strategy before hand and he enters the session without a positive attitude of success. Lack of knowledge and not been conversant to some guide when negotiating by the procurement manager in respect to issue such as, when to negotiate, the agenda, negotiation technique and behaviour, Source: http://www.doksinet some attribute of a good negotiator, the team leader to negotiate term of payment not stipulated and followed add to the cost of production. These could also lead to high cost of finished products and make it not to compete well with its

competitors in the market, and calls for extra expenses on promotions and advert, renovation and so forth, just to improve sales in order to make profit or keeps the organization living. Hence procurement being a process whereby all classes of resources such as materials, facilities, people required to render services are obtained procurement covers a wider range of supply activities than buying alone. Negotiation as cost reduction technique in materials procurement is embarked on to solve some of the problem earlier mentioned. Negotiation is a very vital and essential technique in every organization in both private and public sector to reduce high cost incurred in material procurement, the role in negotiation and all that it takes to negotiate effectively. The impact expected at the end of these is to minimise cost and maximise profit of the organization, and also to ensure that the end products stand in the competitive market, to satisfy the taste of consumers and promote the

standard of living economy and the society at large. 1.2 Statement of the Problem In both the private and public sectors, between 50% and 80% of their total expenditure is spent on acquiring either materials or services, procurement is thus the biggest item of expenditure of an organization. Excessive costs are incurred when enquiring these materials in private sector about 60% to 75% of company’s procurement (purchases) of materials examples raw material is done by the company agent or foreign officials of the company based abroad , who usually charge certain percentages for their work which could lead to additional cost of Source: http://www.doksinet production, over-invoicing and over payment. What else can be done, and what other means can be used to acquire raw materials. Further more, when there is a need to render service that is the award of contract we know that every one is interested in buying, although they call it purchasing but it has lead to mismanagement and

squandering of funds. What are the procedures, measures technique to ensure that such contract or procurement of materials, goods and services are carried out appropriately and so on. To reduce cost, negotiation is one of the techniques to use, since negotiation is an art of arriving at a common understanding through bargaining on the essentials of a contract such as delivery, price, terms and condition of service, payment. These communication of interchanging ideas and information as a result of which procurer and the supplier arrived at a mutually acceptable bargain enhance the procurement manager with a positive attitude of success, planned his objectives and strategy before hand. The procurement manager would have to collect and study all relevant facts before meeting the supplier, and then develop an agenda for the meeting to negotiate with the supplier. Adequate arrangement or preparation would be made in respect to the negotiation team, the leader with the technique that would

be used to negotiate and when to negotiate will be spelled out. The complete project material is available and ready for download. All what you need to do is to order for the complete material. The price for the material is NGN 3,000.00 Make payment via bank transfer to Bank: Guaranteed Trust Bank, Account name: Emi-Aware technology, Account Number: 0424875728 or visit the website and pay online. For more info: Visit https://researchcub.info/paymenthtml Source: http://www.doksinet After payment send your depositors name, amount paid, project topic, email address or your phone number (in which instructions will sent to you to download the material) to +234 70 6329 8784 via text message/ whatsapp or Email address: info@allprojectmaterials.com Once payment is confirmed, the material will be sent to you immediately. It takes 5min to 30min to confirm and send the material to you. For more project topics and materials visit: https://researchcub.info/ or For enquries:

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