Scarabaeus sacer Linnaeus 1758

Black and subopaque, with the legs and lower surface shining, the lateral margins of the prothorax, the legs, and lower surface clothed with reddish hair. Broadly oval and slightly convex in shape. The head is densely and rugosely punctured in front and tuberculate behind, the forehead bearing a pair of tubercles placed transversely between the eyes and not far apart. The anterior edge of the clypeus is armed with four strong teeth separated by rounded notches. The pronotum is unevenly punctured, the punctures being absent along the middle line and near the base, and changing gradually into granules at the sides. The lateral margins are strongly rounded and finely and closely denticulate, the front angles are sharply toothed, the hind angles entirely rounded, and the basal margin closely and finely tuberculate and obtusely angulate in the middle. There is no visible scutellum. The elytra are very finely striate and extremely finely and sparsely punctured. The pygidium is opaque at the base, slightly shining at the apex, and very minutely and sparsely punctured. The pro- and metasternum are clothed with hair, and the abdomen is very smooth except at the sides. The front tibia bears four strong external teeth and two slight teeth, separated by a rounded excision near the middle of the inner edge. The outer edge is denticulate between and above the external teeth. The tarsi are inserted at a distance from the extremities of the middle and hind tibia. Male: The front tibia is more closely fringed at its inner and outer edges, especially at the basal part of the outer edge, the middle tibia is more dilated in the basal part than that of the female, and tapers a little to the extremity, and the hind tibia has a short but very close internal fringe.

Scarabaeus sacer L., Syst. Nat. ed. x, 1758, p. 347 ; Reitt., Verb. Ver. Brunn, xxxi, 1893, p. 41

N.W. Frontier Prov. : Nowshera (T. H. L. Grosvenor, July). N. Kashmir : Hunza, 8000 ft. (R. W. G. Hingston, May). Punjab : Thobba, Murree Hills (Major Howland Roberts). Waziristan (Rev. G. Palacios, March, April). Persia. Arabia. Turkestan. Egypt. Palestine. Cyprus. Tunis. S.Russia. Roumania. Hungary. Spain. S. France