Papaver somniferum (Breadseed Poppy, Opium Poppy)

Papaver somniferum (Opium Poppy, Breadseed Poppy) is a flowering plant known for its striking appearance and historical significance. Papaver somniferum is also commonly known as the "Breadseed Poppy" because its seeds are edible and have culinary uses. The small, round seeds are rich in oil and have a nutty flavor. They are often used in baking, cooking, and as a topping for bread, bagels, and pastries. The seeds are grayish-blue, but they can also be brown or black depending on the variety.

Height: Opium Poppy plants typically reach heights of 2 to 4 feet (0.6 to 1.2 meters), although they can vary depending on growing conditions.

Stems: The stems of Papaver somniferum are sturdy and upright, often covered in fine hairs.

Leaves: The leaves are pinnately lobed and typically blue-green in color. They are deeply divided and may resemble fern fronds.

Flowers: Opium Poppy flowers are large and showy, with papery petals that come in a range of colors, including white, pink, purple, red, and shades in between. The center of the flower features a dark purple or black "eye."

Seed Pods: The most distinctive feature of the Opium Poppy is its seed pods. These pods are round or oval-shaped, typically 1 to 2 inches (2.5 to 5 centimeters) in diameter, and are covered in fine, hair-like structures. When the pods mature, they become dry and hard, resembling small containers filled with seeds.

Cultivation:  Opium Poppies are annual plants that can be grown in a variety of climates and soil types. They prefer well-draining soil and full sun, although they can tolerate partial shade. The plant is propagated from seeds and can self-sow, producing new generations of plants each year.

The opium poppy is a historically significant crop with a rich cultivation history. Nevertheless, it's crucial to recognize that this plant is also the origin of several addictive substances. In the United States, it is permissible to cultivate Papaver somniferum for gardening and seed production purposes, but the production of opium from these poppies is strictly prohibited by law.